Freedom Writers Diary Analysis Diary 34 English Literature Essay

Freedom Writers diary Analysis Diary 34 English Literature EssayThe Freedom Writers Diary was one of my favorites books I be bump read so far. I could really relate to a lot of these stories and I felt like I knew them on a personal level. The diary entry I related the most with was Diary number thirty-four Teenage Alcoholism. I once had to deal with an dependance similar to what the writer did, the writer really opened up my eyes to what is really going on in high school and that I am not the only one who deals with situations like this, I noticed that I was thinking and ruleing the same things she felt. This diary entry really made me feel like my life is on the right path, and reminded me of how far I have come to get here.Now granted that alcohol habituation and painkiller addiction are two different things physically, there are uncanny and many similarities emotionally. In The Freedom Writers Diary, diary number thirty-four has a feeling of hopelessness, I have been doing i t for so long, its just a daily r awayine like getting up in the morning, going to the bathroom, and brushing your teeth (Freedom Writers Diary, by Erin Gruwell, p. 67) I felt like this also sometimes, like this is my life it is never going to change, just deal with it. She also had an go out to up hold and the fact that she knew that image was false made her feel bad about herself Im more disappointed in myself for the way Im tricking people into believing that Im something Im not . Since Ive been in Ms. Gruwells class, everyone thinks I am Little Miss Goodie Goodie.. If they only knew that on the inside I am just barely keeping it together. (p. 67). She and I both felt like we were existent a life that was meant for someone else, like there is no way I could have let my life spiral this far out of control, what have I done to myself. I also like her felt like no one would like the real, the sober, me I am living a lie. I am struggling with a deep secret-being a closet drinker.. I fear that people will not like the sober me. (p. 67). So we act with our lives as they were, until one day enough was enough I wanted my life back I and was going to take it back no involvement what or who stood in my way. I have come so far to get where I am today and I have worked so stern but that only makes me appreciate all I have accomplished that much more. I can only hope that Diary number 34 felt the same way and got her life back too.Addiction is a nasty, horrible, disgusting monster. It will build and build inside you until one day it explodes and comes out to play, but you do not believe in monsters, such things are for childrens fairy tale books, until that is, this monster knock you in the face and on to your butt. And when you get back up on your feet you realize that it was not a monster it was you standing in your own way.

Project Planning And Challenges Facing Planners Construction Essay

cipher Planning And Ch ei at that placenges Facing Planners mental synthesis EssayThis chapter will review the literature which has been use for this dissertation. A number of most-valuable aspects will be covered, including an overview of Construction Planning as well as determining what ch all in allenges argon faced on a insouciant soil by tress excogitationners. This chapter will also review research relating to Planning proficiencys used and softw atomic number 18 packages available within the Construction industry.2.2 Construction Project PlanningProject Management dejection be seen as the application of tools and techniques utilised to guide the use of resources towards achieving an intricate task within the constraints of magazine, cost and timbre. From purpose to completion, a mixture of these tools techniques is necessary to fit the task environment and get a line life cycle.(Oisen 1970).The British Standard for discover concern (BS6079 1996) defined witness management as, The preparation, monitoring and oblige of all aspects of a visualize and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the compute objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality and performance. The UK association of Project Management (APM) pass water produced a UK body of knowledge UK (BoK) which also provides a definition for calculate management as The planning, organisation, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all involved to achieve the project objectives safely and within agreed time, cost and performance criteria. The project coach-and-quartette is the single point of responsibility for achieving this.Project Management as we know today has evolved in order to plan, coordinate and control the complex and diverse activities of groundbreaking industrial, commercial and management change projects. ( engage 2007)To allow for effective planning and control of projects, a requirement for systematic and logi cal regularitys should be applied along with turn step up techniques, thus ensuring a successful project outcome for all pertain parties, particularly the client. Without planning it is difficult to envisage the successful conclusion of whatever project or the effective control of time, m whizy or resources. Planning is also essential in order to deal with social organisation risks and devise safe operative methods. (Cooke 2008)Project Planning is defined as the establishment of a set of directions in sufficient detail to tell the project team exactly what mustiness be done, when it must be done and what resources to use in order to produce the deliverables of the project successfully. (Zwikael 2008). Construction planning is an essential and challenging activity in the management and implementation of spin projects. It occupies the choice of technology, the description of devise tasks, the estimation of the necessary resources and seasons for individual tasks, and the i dentification of any interactions among the different go bad tasks. Hendrickson (1998) believes a acceptable edifice plan is the basis for developing the budget and the schedule for melt. It is therefore uncouth to adopt a conspicuous importance on either cost control or on schedule control as illustrated in configuration 2.1.Fig 2.1 (Hendrickson. 1998)Walker (2007) considers that by having a project schedule to acquit to and sticking to it, you will well be on your way to delivering successful projects. This would be dependant on effective communication and efficiency at all stages of the project and with an commit to reducing risk, time and cost.2.3 The Construction PlannerConstruction project planning is receiving growing care as the limitations of formal deterministic planning are becoming more widely recognised. (Winch, Kelsey 2004). There is growing concern over the failure of device planning to achieve its goals in spite of the significant resources allocated to it . Deficient planning techniques are commonly blamed for this state. (Laufer, Tucker, 1987)There has been considerable debate over the last decade or so on the posture of construction project planning. However, there is remarkably little research into what construction project devisers actually do.Laufer and Tucker provide a critique of construction planning.They aver that-the planning and evaluation of planning processes are non-existentthere is over-emphasis on detailed path methodsplanners lack construction experienceplanners have poor knowledge aggregation methodsplanning is control-oriented instead of action-orientedPlans are been poorly presented with overly-complex information.In a subsequent paper (1994) Laufer and his colleagues look at the definition and allocation of planning gain. They plunge that there was no clear system at work and planning was done in a multiplicity of ways. They call for the process to be properly co-ordinated by a single individual who will own the planning process and improve communication. Winch and Kelsey (2005) believe the specialist planner has the time to do the work but incomplete practical knowledge. The line manager has the practical knowledge but does not have the quality time to carry out the task. The specialist planner has better strategic termination- fashioning skills than the short-term decision-making focus of the line manager. They then go on to say Line managers see the delegation of key decision-making to another(prenominal) as a threat to their position.These problems are confirmed in Laufer (1992) wider project management study and can result inThe planner preparing a plan which has incomplete information and in-adequate decision making authority.The line manager treating such plans as merely an irrelevant forecast prepared by another.Allen Smallwood (2008) believe Construction planners and the role they perform are little understood both within the construction industry and the wider environm ent where construction has a daily impact.Planning occupies a central position in the functions of the manager. His responsibilities may vary with organisational philosophy and contingency but planning invariably remains an essential ingredient of his duties. (Steiner, 1979). Much query and Development effort has been made during the last three decades but progress with techniques has not removed the dissatisfaction with the application and results of construction planning (Choudhury 1981, Mason 1984, Morton 1983).Effective construction planning demands that it is carried out by competent and undergo personnel. While the estimator must remain in charge or pricing the work, most get downs, today, are too complex for the estimator to handle the technical content of pre-tender appraisal. It is here that the construction planner has a major function.2.4 Planning Techniques near planning techniques aim to express the work to be done, to a time-scale some also include resources, and p erhaps cost and value. In simple terms, they intend to help control time and cost. The other major factor in project control, quality, is controlled by its own family of control techniques and quality is cerebrate to time and cost through the skill and discretion of the project management team.Neale (1989) believes the major components of planning techniques areActivities literally, existence busy, expending energy, consuming resources, taking time in construction planning, this means a romp to be done for example preparing a rough drawing, an order to be places, a hole to be dug, bricks to be laid in a wall, a hunt of water to be diverted.Activity durations the time required for the completion of individually activityProject time-scale the time structure of the project it is usual to give each week in the project a number (this dupes calculation easier), and these then have to be related to calendar dates, holidays, etc.Event an occurrence at a specific point in time for ex ample, the granting of planning consent, of the start or end of a traffic diversion.Work method the plan must be expressed in some logical way, indicating the sequence of operations, and which activities and events are interrelated this may be implicit (as with ban charts) or exlicit (in network analysis, where work method is usually called logic.)Resources often called the four Ms (men, machines, materials and money) but can include overheads (for example, point fitting), and even such essentials as managerial skill.Costs what the work has or will cost, often derived directly from the unit costs of the individual resources.Value what has or can be earned by payment for work done derived from the bill of quantities, the estimate or an internal budget. The calculation of value-to-date can be used as an overall measure of project progress.The following four techniques are often used in construction planningBar charts, meshwork analysis,Line-of-balance linear create mentallys.2.4. 1 The bar chart/ Gantt ChartDrafting of a bar chart is popular because it produces results which are easy to understand and not too searching of the planner. Its use is limited to planning straightforward work with simple relationships mingled with the activities. This graphical technique still forms the foundation for most resource scheduling. Its major drawback is that even minor deviations from it require extensive redrafting as a result making it more difficult to having to hand a contemporaneous bar chart that is a reliable indicator of future events.The main features of the bar chart are as followsThe activities are listed on the vertical axisTime is shown on the horizontal axis. This may be an appropriate time unit, such as months or days.Each bar is divided horizontally into two, with the top half representing when the activity is planned to take place, and the bottom shared in, as proportions of the activity are ideal.A vertical movable marker line indicates the current t ime, thus enabling the observer to note if any activities are behind programme, and to what extent.Refer to Figure 2.2 for superfluous information.Figure 2.2 Typical bar chartThe format of the bar chart presumes that the end user (client) can involve the same judgment that was in the instinct of the planner when he was compiling it. In postgraduately repetitive or simple work it can be implied that the users will better understand the mind process of the planner. However as project complexity increases the users ability to monitor the project in relation to the programme is reduced unless(prenominal) it is understoodWhat work is important to progress?Of the activities currently behind programme what, if any, effect do they have on overall progress?On the contrary, if most of the actual work is forward of programme, does this mean that the current prediction is that the project will be complete in advance of the targeted completion date? The answer is definitely not an robotli ke yes.To provide an informed response, an understanding of the relationships between programme activities is crucial. Neale (1989) consider these deceivingly simple questions contradict issues which are at the heart of many construction disputes, videlicet considerations for extension of time.2.4.2 electronic network AnalysisUnlike a bar chart, activities are not shown on an axis of time. What the network portrays is the logical relationship between activities. Network analysis is a powerful, logical and analytical technique. It is most effective when used for complicated projects, especially those with external constraints and complex interrelationships.The technique is based on drawing the logical relationships between construction operations, and from an analysis of the relative durations, establishing which operations have the most crucial effect on the project duration. It can be force in a number of ways, the most well-known in the UK being the arrow diagram.Figure 2.3 Ne twork diagramThe technique is sometimes known as the critical path method (CPM), and critical path analysis (CPA). A version which incorporates a statistical method for calculating the probability that a project will be completed on a specific date is called the programme evaluation and review technique. (PERT)The identification of a critical path focuses the attention of the individuals managing the project and high gearlights to clients and their advisors the tasks that require to be particularly well managed with regard to time. The duration of critical path represents the shor hear duration in which the project can be completed.Delays to activities on the critical path transmit directly through to extend the project completion date. This provides advanced warning of the pending delay to completion and enables the subjugateor (or employer) to lift recovery action at a useful point in time rather than waiting until it is manifestly obvious that the completion date is threatened . If the employer or his Architect/Engineer (A/E) instructs additional work which affects the activities on the critical path then the contractor has grounds for a claim for an extension of time. The term critical path is widely used in the construction industry what is not fully appreciated is how easily the critical path can change.Figure 2.4 Network diagram showing critical pathNetwork analysis has a good and inclusive logical basis, lends itself easily to computer processing, and can be used as an effective control tool. These exceptional characteristics are also known to be its principal weakness as it is easier for the planner to be drawn into a level of planning and analysis that is much to detailed and advanced for most construction projects.2.4.3 Line of BalanceLine of balance is a specialised technique used for repetitive work. It derived from the manufacturing industry and has been found to be effective in planning work truly repetitive. Examples of success applications include planning the construction of similar floors in high rise construction, and braggy housing instructions.Line of balance has been found to be difficult to use on projects which have a high demand for trades or operations to construct each identical unit. The problems arise not from the technique itself, but from the difficult of showing all the information on one chart, particularly when using the technique to monitor progress. When used to plan, it can be an excellent means of relating resources, activity durations and the general pace of work on site. Neale (1989).Illingworth (1993) considers the line of balance approach has largely fallen out of use in todays industry due to the fact it was designed primarily for housing and did not readily provide clear visual appreciation of the situation at a glance.Figure 2.5 -Typical line of balance diagram2.4.4 Linear Programme (or time-chainage chart)Linear programming is a specialised technique for linear work. This is a basic to ol of UK road contractors. Other successful applications include the construction of a large canal in a developing country, and it is especially useful in tunnelling. Illingworth (1993).Similar to line of balance, this is a simple two- dimensional graphical technique and can show clearly only a limited amount of information and limited degree of complexity.Figure 2.6 Linear Programme (Neale 1989)2.5 Which technique?The experienced planner in construction require to be aware of the techniques available, together with the value of each, both in the planning analysis role and how then can be applied to give effective control and communication to management on site. Illingworth (1993).Like any other professional, the planner has to select the compensate tool for the job. To make the correct decision, it is therefore a requirement to canvas what is wanted in a particular situation programme. Illingworth (1993) believes the main points of this choice are as followsDoes the method aid initial analysis of the situation and especially in establishing the opera hat sequence of events?Are deficiencies in progress shown up as the work issuance?Can visiting management obtain and immediate view of the contract situation on arrival on site?With the preponderance of subcontractors on site today, does the programme method give assistance in cash flow control?According to Illingworth, from these questions it is un believably to be the answer to all desires. Therefore it is say to be better to consider the situation in two stages tender planning on the one hand and the operational planning after the contract has been won, on the other.2.6 Planning PracticeIn order to explore further the reality of construction project planning semi-structured interviews were conducted between July and December 2000 with 18 experienced planners from five leading UK construction firms. Most of the planners interviewed were currently involved in planning at the tender stage including assemb ly and presentation of the tender documentation. about half of those were also involved at the tender/ pre-construction stage. Only a few were further involved during the site works. (Refer to figure 2.7). Generally, although a number of the interviewed planners had on-the-scene(prenominal) experience the typical pattern is that a planner works either at the pre-tender, pre-execution stages or on site but not simultaneously. The exceptions tend to be where planners work for some time on a single large project. In such cases it may make sense (from the employers point of view) for their work to carry on to the execution stage.Figure 2.7 Planning Practice, G.M Winch and J.Kelsey2.7 Programming Considerations at the Tender StageUpon receipt of tender documentation, the contractor will appoint humanity resources tasked with compiling a tender submission based upon the tender enquiry. One of the main individual in this team is the person accountable for producing the tender programme , the construction planner. Whether or not the contractual terms require a programme to be produced or not should be irrelevant at this stage. The tender programme is an important document produced by the contractor which is used for measuring many risk and cost related issues. In particular, the assessment of cost of the contractors time related preliminary items as drawn off the content of the tender programme. For example, the anticipated on site durations for different members of staff, periods of scaffold hire and duration for site accommodation are items that cannot be priced by the estimator without reference to the tender programme.When compiling the tender programme, the construction planner must incorporate the information supplied with the enquiry noting any specified constraints contained in either the contract bills, specification or drawings. Conflict between documents often exists and a view had to be taken on how to proceed. miniature may be sought from the employer or his agents, assumptions made and stated along with the submission or the conflict may be ignored and the information that best suits the contractor is assumed without qualification or statement.It is accepted in the industry that many bids are won or lost on the programme duration alone. This happens frequently where a bill of quantities is being priced and the experienced contractors tend towards similar prime cost for similar items.On completion of reviewing tender documents, drawings, specification and bills, which may be typically done over a period of one or two weeks, the construction planner will establish the work stage setting which will be addressed in the creation of a tender programme. The main objective is to be aware of the specified period for construction. Additional to the completed programme should be a schedule of resources which corresponds with the programme and a series of method statements signifying construction techniques and equipment to be employed in carrying out the work.2.8 Programming on SiteWhen the contract is won, the site planning is equally important. It is usually at this point that the site manager will have his first chance to examine the methods on which the job was priced. What is important to recognise, at this point, is that planning must be seen as an addition to management. Thus the site manager must have the right to question the planning methods on which the contract was priced. To do so, site managers require the technical expertise to assess what has been put forward. In so doing, the manager concerned must, for his part, accept that if he wants to change the method from that in the priced tender, he must demonstrate that his alternative is obviously cheaper, or at least as cheap, as that priced in the tender submission.When final agreement has been put acrossed, the planning function can be established on site and develop the final method to be adopted. This, in turn, will lead to the contract master progr amme and such subsidiary programmes as may be necessary.On completion of all methods being confirmed the construction planner continues to have a significant role on site. First, in developing control and short-term programmes for all organisations contributing to the contract under the main or managing contractor. Second, the construction planners cherished knowledge of how the work was originally planned makes him uniquely placed to examine the potential consequences of alterations to what has to be built. In this area he is a valuable source of information to the site quantity surveyor when assessing where possible contractural claims may arise.Today, with the ever increasing use of trade sub-contractors as well as specialist service contractors, the experienced construction planner has the option of either seeing the role as satisfying its own right, or as an essential ingredient of experience for becoming a successful site manager. Illingworth (1993).2.9 Purpose of a ProgrammeT he values applicable to the mechanics of construction planning are similar whether you are a main contractor submitting a quotation to an employer, a sub-contractor quoting to the main contractor, or even a construction manager providing programme assist to an employer. Common principles apply when compiling a construction programme, that of methodical analysis.The contractors construction programme is an important common reference. It shows how the planner they have interpreted the contract documents and other information from which the statement of intent for construction is issued. As the key programme for the construction work, its content is of the utmost significance to all parties charged with handing over to the employer a building fit for purpose within the contract time stated.A well prepared programme is vital to each construction project. Many activities have to be cautiously defined and given a time scale, and it necessary not only to assemble and list the information but also to display it visually in terms of the contracts objectives and the calendar. The working sequences and the relationships between individual activities must be clearly conveyed in this visual presentation. The chartered Institute of Building (2001).They consider the construction programme to be a statement of intended actions, which when properly used provides management with its plan of campaign. It should communicate with ease, providing the common reference for the timing of all activities related to the project.2.10 Construction Planning SoftwareAn expert planner faced with the task of producing and analysing a network for a project containing only few activities will undoubtedly produce the fastest results by drawing a freehand arrow diagram and analysing it mentally. Lock (2007). He believes it is likely to take longer when using a computer because of the formalities needed to set up the new project files in the system and enter the data.David Arditi and Ann Rackas c ompiled a short report in May of 1986 with an aim in ascertaining the need for computer software to assist is construction planning and scheduling. This report concluded, the individual needs of a given construction company are the primary reasons for choosing a particular software package. For example, one of the participating general contractors basic requirements was to have a 40-character activity description field a particularly individual need.They continued to suggest if a program is to survive the inevitable shakeout that occurs after the initial development and interest have peaked it must offer the features and capacities that are required by the user. In addition, every effort should be made to make computers less mysterious and confusing as they will be dealing with the construction market.Today there are many planning software packages available to the construction industry. Asta Powerproject, Microsoft Project, Primavera, PERT Master to name a few. Each package is comm only suited to the individual needs of the planner. Some programs present a blank Gantt chart on the screen as shortly as they are booted up, and it is apparent to the user that task data can be typed in immediately.Most programs allow the user/ planner to establish project durations, critical path network, allocate resources, assign costs to tasks and monitor progress throughout the project. As a result, most construction planning professionals use such packages daily.2.11 Construction Planning ChallengesLock (2007) considers anyone planning a project of significant size will soon find out that there are a number of factors, both inside and outside the project organisation that can have an effect on the planners intentions. These are as follows2.11.1 External FactorsFigure 2.8 External Factors (Lock, 2007)All projects are subject to risk, many of which can have an enormous impact on plans. Lock (2007) deems the following are just four from the long catalogue of happenings that ca n be categorised as Acts of GodAn earthquake devastates a project organisations headquarters.A hurricane and flood put a project site under a metre of water and delay the start or ruin the work in progress.An influenza epidemic puts half the project workforce out of action. (Swine flu outbreak 2008 recorded thousands of masses off work for over 5 days.)The project manager (a keen golfer) is struck by lightning.The national government can play an important part on the smooth running of a project. E.g. the project could be government-funded and is cancelled or abandoned through a political decision. Lock (2007) also considers less immediate concerns which are the wider and longer-term economic consequences of government indemnity leading to downscaling of projects, delays and cancellations in all sectors of industry.Decisions made outside the project team can also have an affect on many characteristics of planning. E.g. a decision is made at directorate level to carry out a project in a different company within the group from that initially anticipated or a strategic decision is made to cut short all new staff recruitment resulting in a demoralise number of available resources formerly expected to be available for projects.2.11.2 Working FactorsFigure 2.9 Working FactorsLock (2007)These are items which are likely to affect the project team on a daily basis. Examples include availability of resources, materials etc.People are believed to be a construction organisations greatest resource. Construction operations depend on the knowledge and skills of people planning and executing the work. Muir (2005.) Research has been carried out to reveal that the construction industry is typically viewed as being one of the least attractive industries in which to work.Safety plays an important part in the running of a project. Construction by nature is unsurprisingly dangerous with a high degree of hazard and risk. The Health Safety Executive believe each yearOver 1 millio n injuries and 2.3 million cases of ill-health are experienced by workersAround 40 million working days are to lost andOver 25000 individuals are forced to give up work because of injury or ill health.These cost British employers on average 3.3 to 6.5 billion each year. Most organisations are oblivious of these figures and are often astonished to find out what the actual costs are.Recent HSE Examples (2009)An injury to a worker using an unguarded drill cost a small engineering company 45,000. And that was not all. The managing director was prosecuted from which two employees had to be made redundant tokeep the company afloat.At the other end of the scale the Piper Alpha explosion killed 167people and incurred estimated costs of over 2 billion.Accidents in construction can account for 3 6 % of total project costs.2.11.3 Contribution of effective PlanningFigure 2.10 Contributors of effective Planning (Lock, 2007).Effective Planning and scheduling influences the results of a project as is promotes well-organised working. Personnel who are not trying continually to overcome crises caused by bad planning can dedicate more time to achieving high quality standards. A well-planned project stands more chance of being completed on time and on budget.3.0 MethodologyBased on the findings in Chapter Two, a questionnaire was compiled aimed towards Construction Planners, Project Managers and other Construction Professionals. The questionnaire was developed in order to reach a significant conclusion on what is happening in the industry today, confirming what challenges are faced on a day to day basis and what can be done for improvement. The author contacted various professionals in the industry whom were contacted via Chartered Institute of Building website in order to get a combine response. A letter was sent to each individual asking if they could spare time to answer 20 questions which were related to the research. The letter can be found in appendix. In addition, an o nline link to the questionnaire was sent to over 40 professionals in the industry, from which over 23 people took the time to fill it in. All results can be found in Chapter 4.3.1 IntroductionThe aim of this study is to analyse current planning techniques used within the construction industry and determine what influence the construction programme has in terms of project success. In order to achieve this aim, sufficient research has to be carried out. Research design is an action plan for acquiring from here to there, where here may be defined as the initial set of questions to be answered, and there is some set of conclusion (answers) about these questions. (Naoum 2007.) betwixt here and there may be a found number of major steps, including the collection of analysis of relevant data. (Yin 1994.) Developing a successful system was an important step towards the collection of key research information.3.2 Research StrategyResearch is the systematic and rigorous process of enquiry wh ich aims to describe phenomena and to develop and test explanatory concepts and theories. Ultimately it aims to contribute to a scientific body of knowledge. (Bowling 2009.) There are two types of research strategies, namely, quantitative research and qualitative research.Deciding on which type of researc

Oppositional World Views: Plato & The Sophists Essay -- essays researc

The Sophist debates and tenets originated in Ancient Greece around 400 B.C.E. The Sophists were known as wandering elaboratenessians who gave speeches to those who could afford to listen. The Sophists deeply believed in the power of rhetoric and how it could improve ones life. Plato on the other hand was opposed to all Sophist beliefs. He adopted the Sophists as rhetorical manipulators who were only interested in how people could be persuaded that they learned the verity, regardless if it was in fact the right. Plato basically opposed every view the Sophists held true and tried to disprove them through and throughout his many a(prenominal) dialogues. The Sophists and Plato held two very contrasting views and this idea will attempt to sift through them all in hopes of illustrating each one. This paper will first focalisation on each group. It will aim by identifying both the Sophists and Plato and then citing the significant principles associated with each world view. This paper will then focus on how each component of their world views fix specifically to rhetoric. Finally, this paper will focus on illustrating each world view by way of online newspaper editorial.As noted, the Sophists were rooted in ancient Greece but traveled to many places, giving speeches on rhetoric to those who could afford to listen. Within their ascertainings, the Sophists focused on rhetorical techniques and how they could be used to successfully argue any side of an stock. They harped on the idea that through their teachings, self improvement could be handd because those who controlled language had the power. The Sophists were relativists, which message they believed that an individual or societys beliefs, while true for that particular individual or society, might be untrue for others. (Bizzell P. & Herzberg, B., 2001, pg. 6) The Sophists referred to this as kairos and said that because of it, at that place could be no positive truth because the truth was dependen t on that particular individuals point of view. They believed that the only association that humans could achieve is knowledge that is potential because absolute knowledge is unattainable. The Sophists feel that this probable knowledge can be boiled down through what they refer to as dissoi logoi. This technique, in which each opposing side of an argument is examined in order to identify the probable truth, was developed by Protago... ..., this would be dusting away the debris (the myths) and uncovering the absolute truth of what really happened. Through rhetoric, probable truths such as McDonalds had to pay three million, are cleared out and absolute truths, McDonalds had to pay $640,000, are uncovered. (Doroshow, J. pg.1-3) This is on the nose how Plato would have had it.To summarize, the Sophists were traveling rhetoricians who were paid to teach people techniques to becoming great arguers and persuaders. They were relativists who believed there was no absolute truth, only pr obable. This probable truth was discovered through kairos, dependent on a persons situation, or dissoi logoi, the truth is uncovered by examining opposing arguments. The philosopher Plato was in opposition to virtually every belief the Sophists had. He believed in absolute truth and that rhetoric and discourse should be used to uncover this truth. He also believed that false rhetoric was that of the Sophists. Whether the Sophist view is correct or Platos view is, there is some sort of truth out there and maybe one day it can be decided as to which method scoop up uncovered it. But until then, the debate will rage on, as it did within this paper. Oppositional World Views Plato & The Sophists Essay -- essays researc The Sophist views and beliefs originated in Ancient Greece around 400 B.C.E. The Sophists were known as wandering rhetoricians who gave speeches to those who could afford to listen. The Sophists deeply believed in the power of rhetoric and how it could imp rove ones life. Plato on the other hand was opposed to all Sophist beliefs. He viewed the Sophists as rhetorical manipulators who were only interested in how people could be persuaded that they learned the truth, regardless if it was in fact the truth. Plato basically opposed every view the Sophists held true and tried to disprove them throughout his many dialogues. The Sophists and Plato held two very contrasting views and this paper will attempt to sift through them all in hopes of illustrating each one. This paper will first focus on each group. It will begin by identifying both the Sophists and Plato and then citing the significant principles associated with each world view. This paper will then focus on how each component of their world views relate specifically to rhetoric. Finally, this paper will focus on illustrating each world view by way of current newspaper editorial.As noted, the Sophists were rooted in ancient Greece but traveled to many places, giving speeches on rhet oric to those who could afford to listen. Within their teachings, the Sophists focused on rhetorical techniques and how they could be used to successfully argue any side of an argument. They harped on the idea that through their teachings, self improvement could be achieved because those who controlled language had the power. The Sophists were relativists, which means they believed that an individual or societys beliefs, while true for that particular individual or society, might be untrue for others. (Bizzell P. & Herzberg, B., 2001, pg. 6) The Sophists referred to this as kairos and said that because of it, there could be no absolute truth because the truth was dependent on that particular persons point of view. They believed that the only knowledge that humans could achieve is knowledge that is probable because absolute knowledge is unattainable. The Sophists feel that this probable knowledge can be boiled down through what they refer to as dissoi logoi. This technique, in which each opposing side of an argument is examined in order to identify the probable truth, was developed by Protago... ..., this would be dusting away the debris (the myths) and uncovering the absolute truth of what really happened. Through rhetoric, probable truths such as McDonalds had to pay three million, are cleared out and absolute truths, McDonalds had to pay $640,000, are uncovered. (Doroshow, J. pg.1-3) This is exactly how Plato would have had it.To summarize, the Sophists were traveling rhetoricians who were paid to teach people techniques to becoming great arguers and persuaders. They were relativists who believed there was no absolute truth, only probable. This probable truth was discovered through kairos, dependent on a persons situation, or dissoi logoi, the truth is uncovered by examining opposing arguments. The philosopher Plato was in opposition to virtually every belief the Sophists had. He believed in absolute truth and that rhetoric and discourse should be used to u ncover this truth. He also believed that false rhetoric was that of the Sophists. Whether the Sophist view is correct or Platos view is, there is some sort of truth out there and maybe one day it can be decided as to which method best uncovered it. But until then, the debate will rage on, as it did within this paper.

Delta Airlines :: essays research papers fc

While sitting in Atlantas Hartsfield International Airport, one cannot help moreover to notice and feel an overwhelming dominant presence of one particular airline. Delta as we know it today, traces its roots way back to 1924. Huff Daland Dusters was founded as the adult males first aerial crop dusting organization. In 1928 the company became Delta Air Service, and the following year Delta carried its first passengers over a route stretching from Dallas, Texas to Jackson, disseminated multiple sclerosis with stops in Shreveport and Monroe, Louisiana. In 1941, the company moved its headquarters from Monroe to Atlanta, Georgia.Although headquartered in Atlanta, Delta is a Delaware corporation (Delaware is the most pro-business state in the US). Delta Air Lines Inc. provides air transference for passengers and freight throughout the United States and around the world. As of February 1, 2001, Delta (including its wholly owned subsidiaries, Atlantic Southeast Airlines, Inc. and Comai r, Inc.) served 201 domestic cities in 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. thoroughgoing(a) Islands, as well as 50 cities in 32 countries. With its domestic and international code share partners, Deltas route network covers 218 domestic cities in 48 states, and 131 cities in 58 countries.When analyzing Delta, you do not have to search very far before quite possibly one its strongest attribute rears its head. Based on calendar 2000 data, Delta is the largest U.S. airline in terms of aircraft departures and passengers enplaned, and third largest as measured by operating revenues and revenue passenger miles flown. Delta is the leading U.S. airline in the transatlantic, religious offering the most daily flight departures, serving the largest number of nonstop marts and carrying more passengers than any other U.S. airline. Delta Air Lines transports more passengers worldwide than any other airline. through and through a vast worldwide route system Delta has fl own over 117 million passengers, more than any other airline in the world. Delta mainline, domestic and international service, Delta Express, Delta Shuttle, Delta companionship, Delta Sky Team and Worldwide Partners operate 6,400 flights each day to over 450 cities in 98 countries.Not only is Delta a beast in the market it wields its power quite intelligently. Along with this momentous market share, Delta has enormous control over some of the nations key gateways. Delta controls 72 percent of the air traffic at Salt Lake Utah. This mid west city is a gateway to most of the key major cities on the pacific coast as well as mid west.

Julia Ward Howe: More than the Battle Hymn :: Poet Julia Ward Howe Papers

Julia Ward Howe More than the Battle HymnMine Eyes have seen the coming of the Glory of the Lord. Almost effortlessly the rest of the familiar tune comes rolling off the tongue. The battle Hymn of the Republic, a traditional and powerful patriotic hymn, will undoubtedly remain that look for years to come. However is the average American able to place a face with that tune? Julia Ward Howe was the bright mind behind the Battle Hymn, alone she did not stop there. Howes life and poetry succeeded in meshing contrasting religions and beliefs, as well as strengthen and challenge the freedoms of women during her cartridge holder.In New York City, in the year 1819, Julia Ward was born into a strict Episcopalian Calvinist Family. Loosing her mother at a young age, Julia was raised by her father and an aunt. not long after her mothers death Julias father, a successful banker in the city, passed away, leaving Julia in the sole custody of her uncle. During her childhood she had been brought u p believing in the strict and conservative views of Calvinism. Julias mind was filled with the ideas and principles behind predestination and ramus logic, always encouraged to look for the hand of God first and then base everything else in decree off of the premises she was taught (30). After the death of her father, Julia began searching for deeper meaning. She went through an intense period of revival as she attended church and became more and more conglomerate with religious activities in the city. She soon began to notice, however, that men dominated this new conviction. Men wrote the sermons, men published the books, and men told her what she needed to do to become closer to God. concisely Julias strict Calvinist kick would end (48). Prompted by Mary Ward, Julia took a winter off from any outside influences to get her thoughts in order. After this time she began to read and research Ralph Waldo Emerson. Emersons introduction into Transcendentalism offered Julia the presence of God without the dominating male authority. Transcendentalism theory stressed the immanence of God and his active presence in everyones life. She agreed with the idea that the bible was not meant to be taken literally, but that ones own intuition could lead to an understanding of God. These new and radical views for her time, coupled with her Calvinist upbringing, seems like it would be the recipe for disaster.

John Steinbecks Experience and Writing Essay -- Authors

At the bestride of thirteen, most children are still nave to their future self-professions. However, in 1915, a boy at the mere age of thirteen was encouraged by his English teacher to become a writer (French 1). Unbeknownst to the teacher, the boy would arguably become a writer on equal terms to D.H. Lawrence, John Keats, or William Faulkner. The boy in question is John Steinbeck. Though Steinbecks era was a time of isolation and sorrow, surrounded by the economy and global conflicts the desperate times allowed many opportunities for Steinbeck. For example, he would intentionally immerse himself in unfavorable conditions that others experienced without a choice. In particular, the experiences with the Great feeling and World War II allowed John Steinbeck to change the world with a pen and paper. Perhaps the biggest influence in Steinbecks writing can be seen from his experiences of the Great mental picture while he lived in California. Before Steinbeck made his living as a wri ter, he would experience the world from various points of views as he worked jobs such as a surveyor, bricklayer, ranch hand, and a store clerk (John Steinbeck). Seeing the world from the perspective of a hard laborer allowed Steinbeck to frame his initial views that would become the basis for his early stories. The crisis that grasped California during 1930-1936 was the Dust Bowl, which according to a website dedicated to the great depression states a million acres of ploughland across the Plains became worthless due to severe drought and overfarming (Causes of). Because of the despairing situation, Steinbeck was able to experience the severity first hand on many occasions. In fact, in 1935, Steinbeck was allowed to spend a week in Weedpatch where a camp wa... ... to realize before it is too late. Works CitedBloom, Harold. John Steinbeck. New York Blooms Literary literary criticism, 2008. Print.Causes Of The Great Depression The Great Depression Causes, Effects, Timelines. Cau ses Of The Great Depression The Great Depression Causes, Effects, Timelines. Croft Communications. Web. 09 May 2012. French, Warren G. John Steinbecks Nonfiction Revisited. New York Twayne, 1996. Print.John (Ernst) Steinbeck. Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Detroit Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 7 May 2012.Noble, Donald R. The Steinbeck Question New Essays in Criticism. Troy, NY Whitston Pub., 1993. Print.Tedlock, E. W., and C. V. Wicker. Steinbeck and His Critics. Albuquerque University of New Mexico, 1957. Print.Swisher, Clarice. Readings on John Steinbeck. San Diego, CA Greenhaven, 1996. Print.

Essay --

In this research paper we will introduce both cases that are cerebrate to the males that who are being harassed by females in the workplace. Complaints by men of women harassing them are much fewer because that men who feel powerless or hero-worship for their job security. Case I The Regal Entertainment Group is to pay $175,000 and other remedial relief to a sex charge discrimination guinea pig brought by the U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). The firm was accused with subjecting a male employee to sexual harassment. The company was later to act against him and the supervisor who had tried and true to intervene. The EEOC had alleged that a male employee at the Regal theater had been subjected to a sexually hostile environment by a female co-worker who repeatedly grabbed his crotch. The EEOC alleged that when the then-general manager was informed of the incident by the supervisor she retaliated and failed to take the necessary measures to prevent or stop the haras sment. It was held that sexual harassment and retaliation for kvetch violate Title VII of the Civil Rights Act 1964. Be...